韓国制作版
連作祭壇画無主物

『３．１０ 　 地震と原発居ないはずの竜を見た所長』

（二〇一八年 ）

 

二〇一八年に韓国の民衆美術の作家たちが中心となり企画された『核夢２』展。

この展示に招待された自分は、

釜山で改めてこの作品を制作することに決めた。

原発事故を経験した日本と韓国のひとびとの意識はもちろん異なる。

だから、

まだ事故を経験していない韓国のひとびとにとって急所をつくような題材を選び、

また日本で描いた後に得た人との出会い、

情報などをもりこんで

描きなおしを行った。

 

この作品に付け加えたことは二点ある。

すなわちひとつは福島の原発五号機六号機のあった双葉町にかつて掲げられていた看板

『原子力　明るい未来の　エネルギー』

について。

 

この標語を考案されたのは双葉町出身の大沼雄二さんで、

当時は関東のある場所に移住されていた。

自分の活動を支援してくださっていたKEN(三軒茶屋)でのイベントで、

一緒にパフォーマンスをすることになっていたチェ・ソンエさんが彼を紹介してくださり、

彼女と自分と、大沼さんでトークイベントを行わせていただいたのだった。

大沼さんが語ったのは、

原発礼賛についての土地ぐるみ地域ぐるみでの

洗脳

の話だった。

東京電力は原発の安全を信じ込ませるために巨額な資金を投入して

宣伝活動を行ってきたのはよく知られている。

おおもとを辿ればその金にたどり着くのだろう、

原発立地町村で

原発を礼賛する俳句が募集されたのだった。

大沼さんは上述のメッセージを小学生の時に書いて入選、

表彰状をもらったちいう。。

学校で、

みなで書いたという。

 

「明るい　未来のエネルギー」

 

という言葉はもろくも崩れ去り、

原発事故が起きてると

その看板はむしろ、

かつて存在していたおとなたちの愚かさ、

そして

洗脳活動の遺産と化す。

考案者の大沼さんはこの看板を負の遺産としての保存を臨み、

事故後さかんにその愚かさを世に身をもって伝えた。

だが、彼の身の回りのひとびとは

この看板の廃棄を望むのが大半だったという。

負の遺産だから。

失敗の、証拠だから。

だが、

それを廃棄することは、

 

つまりは

証拠の隠滅。

 

国や組織ではなく、一般の大人たちがそれを望む。

それは、恐怖でしかない。

この看板は解体され、どこかに保存されているらしい。

この愚行の記憶。

それが人の目に触れられないのなら、

絵の中に存在させて

見せたい、

そう思った。

 

 

 

 

つけ加えた箇所はもうひとつ。

それはウラニウムうとネイティブアメリカンのひとびととの関係である。

福島の原子炉は二酸化ウランの核反応を制御し、発電していた。

ウラン。

かつては大量のひとびとを消滅させ、

後年にわたるまでの災厄をもたらした原子力爆弾の作用を、

それに準ずる原材料からだ としても同質の物質を元に電気を作る。

金の稼ぎ場所をつくる。

それを導入した地域の医療費を無料にする。

過疎地が整備される。

広島の原爆に使用されたウランを採掘したのは、

カナダ、グレー トベアレイク周辺に住むデネ族というネイティブアメリカンの男た ちだった。

彼らは、

なんの情報も与えられないままにウラン採掘作業に 従事し、

廃棄物の投棄により汚染環境となった彼らの土地で産物を食べ、

健康を損なった。

男たちが死んでゆく。

補償の類は与えられない。

先住民の文化 を継承してゆくうえで重要な存在である男たちの死は、

そのまま

彼らの文化の衰退にいたる危機になっていった。

 

　 一九九八年八月六日、

そのデネ族の首長たち、女性たちは広島を訪問、

原爆製造の一端を知らずのうちであれ担ったことを謝罪 した。

核兵器、核施設は

それを製造および使用する大国と、

その発端で使役させられる存在を不可分のものとして抱える。

 

３．１１ はこの構造を自分に明らかに示した。

それは巨大な心臓としか 思えなかった。

それが、

傾いた。

 

一九九二年九月、

オーストリアのザルツブルクに、

デネ族をはじ めとして世界でウラン採掘に使役させられていた先住民たちが集まり、

『世界ウラン公聴会』

という集会を開催し、

核をめぐる構造の末端で蹂躙されていた彼らの権利を訴えていた。

その訴えの中には、

自らの大地が汚染され、食物が汚染され、土地が汚されたこと、

健康被害についての十全な情報を与えられずに健康を害してきたこと、

強者の自己決定権により、彼らの権利が損なわれてきたこと、

事故後の福島で、自分が幾度も聞いてきた言葉が

そのまま、

書き込まれ、

核産業がはっきりとした差別を生むことが書かれている。

この差別構造にはやがて、こんな名前が与えられられていたことを知った。

いわく、

 

<ニュークリア、レイシズム>。

訳せば、

核、人種差別主義―。 　

このことを知ったのはかなり後のことである。
　
　 　 　

 

「―相双地区は東北のチベットなんて言われてたんだ」

2015年頃、

福島の原発から20キロ圏内にある楢葉町の仮設でこんな言葉を聞いた。

この話をしてくれたのは事故前まで彼は東海村に仕事で出入りしていた男で、

東海村臨界事故の前日に

事故現場で

燃料ペレットの原材料の混合粉末を素手で触 り、

妻にしこたま怒られた話を嗤い話として話していた。

 

私たち日本人は、

実のところはこの公聴会に出席し、

蹂躙されてきた各国の少数民族と連携し、

この構造に声を上げる側にあるのだが。

壮大な幻想の中にあるようだ。

2019年の時点でも、

そんなふうに日本が世界とつながる脈にあることを語り、

動いているひとを

自分は知らない。

 

 

　（参考）

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（英文）

 

T H E D E C L A R A T I O N O F S A L Z B U R G THE WORLD URANIUM HEARING HAVING MET at Salzburg, Austria, from 13 September to 18 September 1992;

HAVING HEARD testimony concerning the environmental, cultural, spiritual, physiological,

and economic impact of the use of radioactive substances from all regions of the world;

and having heard the results of related discussions following the World Uranium Hearing, in over one hundred communities worldwide

 

; CONVINCED

of the inherently destructive nature of all phases of the nuclear chain and that nuclear contamination is a threat to all peoples and

environments irrespective of political boundaries

 

; ACUTELY AWARE that

indigenous peoples have suffered particularly devastating consequences from the extraction and utilization of nuclear substances

 

; REAFFIRMING that

the survival of indigenous peoples requires respect for their rights of self-determination and to territorial and environmental integrity

 

; OBSERVING that

the spiritual and cultural values of indigenous peoples in their relationship with the natural world offer a perspective capable of transforming prevailing destructive materialistic attitudes

and practices

 

; RECALLING

the disastrous impact of nuclear weapons testing on indigenous

and other land-based peoples in such places as

Nevada,

Bikini

and

Eniwetok,

Tahiti,

Maralinga,

and

Central Asia;

 

DEEPLY MOVED by

the horror of

Hiroshima

and

Nagasaki

which marked the opening of the nuclear era;

 

ALARMED by

the experience of

Chernobyl

and

Three-Mile Island

 

; CONVINCED that

there is no completely safe technology for the containment of radioactive substances

 

: DISMAYED by distorted economic values and priorities, including inappropriate consumption patterns, which threaten a sustainable future

 

; APPREHENSIVE

of the fate of future generations confronted with the intractable consequences of nuclear development

 

; DETERMINED

to end the danger posed by the entire nuclear chain

and to ensure an enduring harmonious relationship with the natural world

 

 

; SOLEMNLY DECLARES: I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES

1. The natural world, in its richness and complexity, is the foundation of all life.

 

2. All peoples and individuals have the fundamental right to a safe and healthy environment and the corresponding duty to maintain the integrity of the natural world.

 

3. Each generation bears the obligation of effective stewardship for the benefit of future generations of all living beings.

 

II. THE PROCESS OF NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT EXPLOITATION, MINING AND PROCESSING

4. The mining and processing of uranium and other radioactive minerals result in the contamination and degradation of large ecosystems.

 

5. Radioactivity and chemical pollutants contained in tailings are spread by the flow of ground and surface waters and by wind currents.

 

6. Inhabitants of affected areas risk immediate and lasting health and genetic consequences from exposure to radioactive substances.

Miners are exposed to particularly intensified levels of radiation.

 

MILITARY USES

7. Over time, nuclear weapons testing has produced atmospheric fallout, contamination of land and sea areas, forced removal of peoples, cultural disintegration,

and a range of adverse health consequences, in particular cancer and threats to genetic inheritance.

8. The development of thermonuclear weapons involves the production of large quantities of fission products and plutonium, the most toxic substance known;

plutonium persists in the environment for up to hundreds of thousands of years.

 

NUCLEAR POWER GENERATION

9. Nuclear power facilities, whether civilian or military, produce emissions of radiation and inevitably pose serious and unacceptable risks,

including transportation spills, theft of radioactive materials, accidents that spread contamination over vast regions,

and the catastrophic effects of a reactor core meltdown.

10. No nuclear power plant has ever been safely and completely decommissioned.

The ultimate environmental and economic costs of decommissioning remain incalculable.

 

NUCLEAR WASTE

11. No safe method for the disposal of medium and highlevel nuclear wastes has been devised.

Solutions offered can only provide for storage or dumping, which carry an ever-present risk of lethal contamination.

The problem is simply thrust onto future generations.

 

12. The territories of indigenous peoples, impoverished developing countries, and the global commons are frequently targeted for storage or dumping of waste,

thus compounding international injustice.

 

III. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES

13. Vast quantities of the world's uranium resources are located and extracted in the territories of indigenous peoples;

these territories are often exploited for weapons testing and the storage or dumping of nuclear substances.

In violation of their right to self-determination, indigenous peoples have been victimized by

dispossession and forced removals,

direct contamination,

and

the desecration of sacred sites.

14. The dispossession of peoples and the destruction of the natural ecology that result from the nuclear chain imperil

the social cohesion and cultural, material, and spiritual relationship with the natural world upon which indigenous survival depends.

15. In order to defend themselves against the physical and cultural genocide that results from nuclear development,

indigenous peoples must be able to freely exercise their right to determine and control, without external interference,

all matters relating to their societies and territories.

 

IV. ECONOMIC POLICY

16. The monetary price of nuclear energy does not reflect the cost of damage to the biosphere and

the profound risks to present and future generations;

 

17. Governments, communities, organizations, and individuals have a duty to ensure that energy is produced and used in a clean, safe, and efficient manner;

the global ecology cannot support inappropriate energy consumption patterns.

18. The view that unlimited economic growth can be sustained on a habitable planet is fallacious and

constitutes a significant threat to future generations.

19. Current international policies perpetuate unjust economic disparities which cause developing countries to adopt destructive environmental practices such as

uranium mining,

nuclear power generation,

and the provision of dumping sites for radioactive waste.

Sharing safe and efficient energy technologies is essential for equitable and environmentally sound economies in those countries.

20. The Precautionary Principle, as recognized by the international community, requires that

the safety of potentially dangerous activities must be conclusively established prior to taking any measures towards their implementation.

In the case of the nuclear chain, any reasonable application of the Precautionary Principle would require that

uranium and other radioactive minerals remain undisturbed in their natural location.

 

 

V. RECOMMENDATIONS The WORLD URANIUM HEARING

calls upon governments and, within their respective spheres of responsibility and competence, transnational and other corporations, organisations, communities and individuals

 

1. To recognise and respect the inherent right to self-determination of indigenous peoples,

including their right to determine and control, without external interference, the nuclear process as it affects their societies and territories,

 

2. To provide reparations for peoples, communities, and individuals victimized by the mining of radioactive minerals,

the use of nuclear weapons, or the storage or dumping of nuclear waste.

To make every conceivable effort to alleviate risks and damage caused by past and existing uses of radioactive materials,

 

3. To ensure that liability for social and environmental damage resulting from the nuclear chain is jointly born by those controlling all its phases,

 

4. The integrity of the natural world should be recognized juridically and be enforceable in its own right,

 

5. The lands of Indigenous and other land-based peoples, contaminated by nuclear development must immediately be rehabilitated to as near as practicable to their precontaminate state,

 

6. To fundamentally alter existing economic and political policies and institutions to ensure ecological sustainability;

energy development must shift to the use of safe and renewable resources,

 

7. To provide assistance, including financial resources where necessary, for the development of alternative energy programs in countries which utilize nuclear power,

 

8. To ensure that any economic analyses of the nuclear chain fully account for the entire ecological and social impact of radioactivity,

 

9. To provide peoples, communities, and individuals with complete information about the dangers of radioactive substances in all phases of the nuclear chain,

 

10. The separation of plutonium from spent fuel, its transformation and use in breeder reactors, nuclear power plants, or nuclear weapons constitutes an unacceptable threat to humankind and the planet,

 

11. To support and promote community activities and resistance aimed at ending the use of radioactive substances,

 

12. To promote international and national standards, policies, and practices designed to ensure that:

a) radioactive minerals are no longer exploite;

and

b) existing radioactive products of the nuclear chain are dealt with according to the safest available technology irrespective of monetary cost,

13. To immediately cease production and testing of nuclear weapons;

the process of global nuclear disarmament must continue to completion.

All nuclear facilities utilized for military purposes should immediately cease operation.

 

URANIUM AND OTHER RADIOACTIVE MINERALS MUST REMAIN IN THEIR NATURAL LOCATION

*************** ********* *****

ADDENDUM

STATEMENT OF THE INDIGENOUS PARTICIPANTS AT THE WORLD URANIUM HEARING

We continue to maintain our rights as peoples, despite centuries of deprivation, assimilation and genocide.

We still have the right to decide our own form of government, to use our own laws, to raise and educate our own children to our own cultural identity without interference.

We maintain our inalienable rights to our land and our territories,

to all our resources above and below and to our waters.

 

We assert our ongoing responsibility to pass these on to the future generations.

We cannot be removed from our lands.

We, the indigenous peoples, are connected by the circle of life, to our lands and our environments.

We, the indigenous peoples, walk to the future in the footprints of our ancestors.

 

As indigenous peoples,

we declare:

We the Indigenous Peoples of the different communities of the Earth, our mother, affected by the nuclear fuel chain, conscious of our undeniable right for self determination,

our right for a clean environment, concern for our health and well being and for our future generations,

find that:

-- based upon the testimony and experiences of Indigenous peoples from around the world; --

based on the evidence of damage to our people, culture, economy, land, water and air;

-- based on our respect for spiritual values, beliefs, practices we cannot tolerate the destruction of our existence.
We demand:

-- No more exploitation of our land and people by uranium mining, waste dumping and nuclear testing. -- Clean up and restore our homelands.

-- Fully disclose all information about the nuclear industry and its dangers.

-- Provide full and fair compensation for damage to

* our people, families and communities,

* our culture and economy,

* our homelands,

water, air and all things living.

-- Provide independent and objective monitoring of our health and our lands.

We further say:

In view of the unity of humanity and the world,

we appeal on behalf of our future generations to use sustainable, renewable and enhancing energy alternatives.

We ask the whole world, including leaders and scientists to share in our vision for peace, harmony and respect for life.

Join us!

 

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